首都经济贸易大学2026年硕士研究生招生考试

《基础英语》初试大纲

科目代码：705

说明：

1.本科目考试时不得使用计算器。

2.请考生随时关注我校研究生院网站招生动态栏目（网址https://yjs.cueb.edu.cn/zsks/zsdt/index.htm），如有大纲更新或变动，均以官方网站的最近通知为准。

第一部分 考试说明

一、考试目的

本考试的目的在于测试英语专业本科阶段所应具备的英语语言基础知识，主要包括读、写、译所应达到的水平，以及语言文化的综合运用能力。

二、考试范围

本考试为水平测试, 难度不超过英语专业本科八级考试水平要求。 

三、考试基本要求

要求考生掌握约15000个英语词汇，对英语词汇的多种词性及词义搭配、易混词的区别和难词有一定的认知能力，并具备扎实的英语语法综合运用能力；具备分析各类体裁和题材英语文章的能力，能够读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评，读懂历史传记和文学作品，并能够分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法等，具备语篇水平上获取信息的能力, 概括与推理判断的能力；能够运用翻译理论和技巧，将涉及政治、经济、文化、教育、历史等方面的文章或段落等译成英语或汉语。译文需忠实原意，语言流畅；能够阅读所给语篇，根据要求运用自身的语言对文章进行总结，同时能够根据所给题目或要求撰写各类体裁的文章，做到紧扣题目，语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。

四、考试形式与试卷结构

1. 答卷方式：闭卷，笔试

2. 答题时间：预计180分钟，以我校实际招生简章公布为准。

3. 题型及分值：本科目总分预计为150分，以我校实际招生简章公布为准。题型预计包括词汇与语法、阅读理解、翻译（包括英译汉与汉译英）以及英语写作，仅供参考，实际命题可能略有出入。

五、参考书目

本考试为水平测试，无参考书目。

六、需说明的问题

本大纲根据英语专业本科高级阶段教学 大纲有关要求和我校英语语言文学专业与外国语言学与应用语言学专业的培养目标，规定了基础英语考试的内容、 形式、时间和计分。

第二部分 考试内容

《基础英语考试》包括四个部分：词汇与语法、阅读理解、翻译（包括英译汉与汉译英）、英语写作。

一、词汇与语法 (Part I Vocabulary and Grammar，共15分)

本部分共10个英文句子, 每句中有一空缺或划线单词（短语）, 要求从句子下面 A, B, C, D 四个选择项中选出最佳答案，完成句子或解释单词或短语。

二、阅读理解 (Part II Reading Comprehension，共30分)

阅读材料的选择原则是:

1. 题材广泛，可以包括考生了解的社会、文化、科普、史地、日常生活、人物传记等内容；

2. 体裁多样，可以包括叙事、议论、描述、说明文等。

测试形式：三篇文章，每篇文章的长度约500词，每篇文章下面设若干问题，要求考生根据文章的内容和问题要求，回答所设问题。

三、英汉互译 (Part III Translation Practice，共50分)

汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，或者一般文学作品的节录。

英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、教育、文化等方面的论述或文学原著的节录。 

四、英语写作 (Part IV English Writing，共55分)

写作部分包括两部分：概要写作和作文。

概要写作（25分）：阅读所给语篇，根据要求用自己的语言对文章进行总结，语篇来源为新闻报刊或学术期刊。

作文（30分）：根据所给题目或要求撰写各类体裁的文章。

第三部分 题型示例

考生请注意：题型示例仅供参考，每类题型仅提供1道例题，实际考试试题数量与本部分不一定相同。

一、Vocabulary and Grammar题型示例

1. As advocates of free speech confront those who would regulate entertainment strictly, the debate over shocking content in movies will likely _____.

A. escalate   B. concur   C. mediate   D. abate

二、Reading Comprehension题型示例

Generally, self-uncertainty is a sensation that people are motivated to reduce. When people are increasingly unsure about who they are and how they fit into this rapidly changing landscape, it can be—and indeed has become—a real problem for society. People are supporting and enabling authoritarian leaders, flocking to ideologies and worldviews that promote and celebrate the myth of a glorious past. Fearful of people who are different from themselves, they seek homogeneity and become intoxicated by the freedom to access only information that confirms who they are or who they would like to be. As a result, global populism is on the rise.

One powerful source of identity resides in social groups. They can be highly effective at reducing a person’s self-uncertainty—particularly if such groups are distinctive and have members who share a sense of interdependence. Groups play this central role in anchoring who we are because they are social categories, and research shows that social categorization is ubiquitous. A per son categorizes others as either “in-group” or “out-group” members. They assign the group’s attributes and social standing to those others, thereby constructing a subjective world where groups are internally homogeneous and the differences between groups are exaggerated and polarized in an ethnocentric manner. And because we also categorize ourselves, we internalize shared in-group defining attributes as part of who we are. To build social identity, we psychologically surround ourselves with those who are like us.

This psychological process that causes people to identify with groups and behave as group members is called social categorization. It anchors and crystallizes our sense of self by assigning us an identity that prescribes how we should behave, what we should think and how we should make sense of the world. It also makes interaction predictable, allows us to anticipate how people will treat and think about us, and furnishes consensual identity confirmation: people like us—the in-group members—validate who we are.

This self-uncertainty and social-identity dynamic is not in itself a bad thing. It enables the collective organization that lies at the heart of human society. Human achievements that require the coordination of many in the service of common goals cannot be achieved by people on their own. Yet this dynamic becomes a problem when the sense of self-uncertainty and identity threat is acute, enduring and all-encompassing. People then experience an overwhelming need for identity—and not just any identities but ones that are well equipped to resolve those disorienting, even scary feelings.

1. People embrace populism because ________.

A. lack of a social identity makes them fearful

B. they seek freedom of speech and expression

C. they want to promote their ideas to others

D. their leaders give them misleading information

三、Translation Practice题型示例

Section A Translate the following passage into English and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.

中国始终是全球发展的贡献者。我们积极打造高水平对外开放体系，维护全球产业链供应链安全稳定，已成为130多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴，中国作为世界经济增长的最大引擎，每年对全球增长的贡献达到30%左右。中国模范落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，提前10年实现议程减贫目标，对全球减贫贡献率超过70%。中国积极参与全球治理和南南合作，主动成立“中国—联合国和平与发展基金”、“全球发展和南南合作基金”，向160多个有需要的国家提供发展援助，也是二十国集团中落实对发展中国家缓债金额最大的成员国。

Section B Translate the following passage into Chinese and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.

At a summit in Prague on Friday, European Union leaders fell short of agreeing on a price cap for gas amid concerns that any such move could threaten supplies to the region. As much as 70% of European heating comes from natural gas and electricity, and with Russian deliveries drastically reduced, wood—already used by some 40 million people for heating—has become a sought-after commodity. Prices for wood pellets have nearly doubled to 600 euros a ton in France, and there are signs of panic buying of the world’ s most basic fuel. Hungary even went so far as to ban exports of pellets, and Romania capped firewood prices for six months. Meanwhile, wood stoves can now take months to deliver.

四、English Writing题型示例

Section A Summary 

Direction: Read the following passage and write a summary of it on the ANSWER SHEET in no more than 100 words.

More than a century of burning coal, oil and gas has fuelled intense heatwaves, prolonged droughts, heavier rains and devastating floods. To prevent even more severe impacts, the UN global climate summit, Cop29, must deliver tangible results to keep global temperature rises below 2C–the limit defined in the 2015 Paris agreement. Achieving this goal means human societies can only emit a finite amount of additional carbon dioxide, known as the world’s “carbon budget”.

Developed nations have exceeded their carbon budgets, while developing countries remain within theirs. Carbon dioxide lingers in the atmosphere for centuries, turning past unchecked fossil fuel use into a costly planetary bill. Between 1870 and 2019, the US, EU, Russia, UK, Japan, Canada and Australia–home to just 15% of the global population–accounted for over 60% of atmospheric carbon dioxide, according to the Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment.

This underscores the climate debt that rich nations in the global north owe to poorer nations. This reality – rather than oil and gas lobbying–should focus minds at Cop29 in Azerbaijan, where leaders must forge a new global climate finance plan by next week. Economists estimate that developing nations need $1tn annually by 2030, a figure that reflects the scale of the climate crisis. Yet there is little sign the rich world will contribute its fair share.

A stronger, more unified approach is needed. Many of Africa’s environmental NGOs argue that the continent has been sidelined in global industrial shifts, particularly in green industrialisation, due to its lack of a robust manufacturing base and its role as a raw materials supplier. While advanced economies dominate green innovation, Africa faces significant hurdles, including limited technology transfer, expensive financing and weak governance.

The economist Fadhel Kaboub, who advises the Kenyan thinktank Power Shift Africa, sees Cop29 as an opportunity to strike a transformative deal–if the global south can unite and negotiate for the technology and resources it needs to reposition itself in the world economy. Prof Kaboub describes the current climate finance model as “economic entrapment”. The evidence is stark: Africa holds 40% of the world’s renewable energy resources but attracts just 2% of global investments. With 20 out of 38 low-income African nations in or near debt distress, high borrowing costs and a shrinking manufacturing base leave the continent dependent on imports for life’s essentials.

These challenges span the developing world, demanding grants, technology transfers and debt cancellation. Prof Kaboub says Donald Trump’s return to the White House could be a chance for countries in the global south to cooperate and forge a bold deal: to double their industrial footprint with green growth, powered by western technology, in exchange for critical minerals essential for the rich world’s energy transition. Africa, holding 20% to 90% of global reserves for 11 such minerals, could lead this shift. The outcome? A greener, richer world, with developing nations becoming key markets for foreign goods and services.

Mr. Trump may find the allure of crafting the “deal of the century” impossible to resist. Others–such as the EU or China–might also be ready to take up such an offer. Cop29 must mark a turning point where developing nations, united, demand a fair and transformative global partnership for a sustainable future. The stakes couldn’t be higher, and neither could the opportunity to reshape the future.

Section B Essay Writing 

The 11th session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People’s Congress, approved a decision to raise the retirement age of male workers to 63, and females to 55 or 58, depending on their jobs or occupations. It’s the nation’s first adjustment of retirement ages since the current system was launched in the 1950s. The changes will take effect from Jan 1, 2025. The decision to progressively raise retirement age has sparked heated discussion. Some people support it, while others oppose it. What’s your point of view?

Write an essay of 300-400 words on the ANSWER SHEET with a title of your own.