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　　2017年6月

　　主题：历史与地理

　　总结：明朝

　　真题：

　　明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如钟表和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的主要商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾七次到达印度洋进行大规模探险航行。值得一提的是，中国文学的四大古典名著中有三部写于明代。

　　The Ming Dynasty ruled China for 276 years and is depicted as one of the greatest eras in human history in terms of well-ordered governance and social stability. During this period, the development of handicrafts boosted the market economy and urbanization. A large number of goods, including wine and silk, were sold in the markets. Meanwhile, many foreign goods, such as clocks and tobacco, were also imported. Major commercial centers, like Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou, and Suzhou, emerged successively. It was also during the Ming Dynasty that the fleets led by Zheng He made seven large-scale voyages of exploration to the Indian Ocean. It is also worth mentioning that three of the four great classical novels of Chinese literature were written during the Ming Dynasty.

　　主题：历史与地理

　　总结：宋朝

　　真题：

　　宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字(movable-type)印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。

　　The Song Dynasty began in 960 and lasted until 1279. During this period, the Chinese economy grew significantly, becoming the most advanced economy in the world, with vigorous development in science, technology, philosophy, and mathematics. Song Dynasty China was the first country in world history to issue paper currency. The Song Dynasty also pioneered the use of gunpowder and invented movable-type printing. The population grew rapidly, and more and more people moved into cities, which were filled with bustling entertainment venues. Social life was diverse. People gathered to view and trade valuable works of art. The governmental system of the Song Dynasty was also advanced for its time. Government officials were selected and appointed through competitive examinations.

　　主题：历史与地理

　　总结：唐朝

　　真题：

　　唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期之一。经过三个世纪的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济繁荣，商业兴旺，社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品质朴自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心，即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人诵读。

　　The Tang Dynasty, which began in 618 and ended in 907. represents one of the most brilliant periods in Chinese history. After three centuries of development, Tang China emerged as the most prosperous and powerful country in the world, with its capital, Chang’an, being the largest metropolis globally. During this era, the economy flourished, commerce thrived, and social order was stable, with even the frontiers being open to the outside world. With the increase of urbanization and wealth, art and literature also prospered. Li Bai and Du Fu were poets renowned for the simplicity and naturalness of their works. Their poetry touched the hearts of both scholars and ordinary people, and even today, many of their poems are still widely read and recited by children and adults alike.

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